Form, spelling and pronunciation (tvorba, pisanje i izgovor)
Formation of Present Simple and spelling and pronunciation rules. (Tvorba Present Simplea i pravila pisanja i izgovora.)
Affirmative (potvrdni oblik)
Present Simple is formed of the infinitive of the verb. In the 3rd person singular (he/she/it) we put an -s or -es at the end of the infinitive. (Present Simple tvori se od infinitiva glagola. U 3. licu jednine (on/ona/ono) na kraj infinitiva dodajemo nastavak -s ili -es.)
• I talk (ja govorim)
• You talk (ti govoriš)
• He / She /It talks (on /ona/ ono govori) (u 3. licu jednine na glavni glagol dodaje se nastavak -s; pogledaj niže pravila pisanja)
• We talk (mi govorimo)
• You talk (vi govorite)
• They talk (oni govore)
Negative (niječni oblik)
Long form (neskraćeni oblik)
The negative form is formed of the auxiliary verb DO (DOES in the 3rd peson singular) + NOT and the infinitive of the main verb.
(DO NOT / DOES NOT) (Niječni oblik tvori se od pomoćnog glagola DO (DOES u 3. licu jednine) + NOT i infinitiva glavnog glagola. (DO NOT / DOES NOT))
• I do not talk (ja ne govorim)
• You do not talk (ti ne govoriš)
• He / She / It does not talk (on / ona / ono ne govori) (na glavni glagol ovdje se ne dodaje nastavak -s)
• We do not talk (mi ne govorimo)
• You do not talk (vi ne govorite)
• They do not talk (oni ne govore)
Short form (skraćeni oblik)
The negative is formed of the auxiliary verb DO (DOES in the 3rd peson singular) + shortened NOT and the infinitive of the main verb. (DON’T / DOESN’T) (Niječni oblik tvori se od pomoćnog glagola DO (DOES u 3. licu jednine) + skraćeno NOT i infinitiva glavnog glagola. (DO NOT / DOES NOT))
• I don’t talk (ja ne govorim) • You don’t talk (ti ne govoriš) • He / She / It doesn’t talk (on / ona / ono ne govori) (na glavni glagol ovdje se ne dodaje nastavak -s)
• We don’t talk (mi ne govorimo) • You don’t talk (vi ne govorite) • They don’t talk (oni ne govore)
Interrogative (upitni oblik)
The interrogative is formed with the auxiliary verb DO (DOES in 3rd person singular) in front of the subject followed by the infinitive of the main verb. (Upitni oblik tvori se od pomoćnog glagola DO (DOES u 3. licu jednine) ispred subjekta iza kojeg stoji infinitiv glavnog glagola.)
• Do I talk? (Govorim li?)
• Do you talk? (Govoriš li?)
• Does he / she / it talk? (Govori li on /ona /ono?) (na glavni glagol ovdje se ne dodaje nastavak -s)
• Do we talk? (Govorimo li?)
• Do you talk? (Govorite li?)
• Do they talk? (Govore li?)
Spelling (pravila pisanja)
Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o → -es (Glagoli koji završavaju na -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o → -es)
• I watch – he watches (Ja gledam – on gleda)
• I go – he goes (Ja idem – on ide) Verbs ending in consonant + y → -ies (Glagoli koji završavaju na suglasnik + y → -ies) • I study – he studies (Ja učim – on uči) BUT verbs ending in a vowel (a,e,o,u)+ y → -ys ALI glagoli koji završavaju na samoglasnik (a,e,o,u)+ y → -ys
• I buy – he buys (Ja kupujem – on kupuje)
Pronunciation (pravila izgovora)
/s/ after /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ /s/ nakon /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/
/ɪz/ after /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /z/ /ɪz/ nakon /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /z/
/z/ after other sounds /z/ nakon ostalih glasova